本文节选自外刊《科学》（SCIENCE ADVANCES • 4 Mar 2022 • Vol 8, Issue 9）Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects——新型光学光热红外(O-PTIR)光谱用于文物玻璃金属物体的非侵入性表征。
论文节选内容如下：
Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects
新型光学光热红外(O-PTIR)光谱用于文物玻璃金属物体的非侵入性表征
Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) is a recently developed molecular spectroscopy technique that allows to noninvasively obtain chemical information on organic and inorganic samples at a submicrometric scale.
光学光热红外(O-PTIR)是最近发展起来的一种分子光谱技术，可以在亚微米尺度上非侵入性地获得有机和无机样品的化学信息。
The high spatial resolution (≈450 nm), lack of sample preparation, and comparability of the spectral results to traditional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy make it a promising candidate for the analysis of cultural heritage.
高空间分辨率(≈450 nm)、无需样品制备以及光谱结果与传统傅里叶变换红外光谱法的可比性使其成为文化遗产分析的一种很有前景的候选方法。
In this work, the potential of O-PTIR for the noninvasive characterization of small heritage objects (few cubic centimeters) is demonstrated on a series of degraded 16th century brass and glass decorative elements.
在这项工作中，O-PTIR在一系列退化的16世纪黄铜和玻璃装饰元素上展示了无创表征小型文物（几立方厘米）的潜力。
These small and challenging samples, typically encountering limitations with existing noninvasive methods such as macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction and μRaman, were successfully characterized by O-PTIR, ultimately identifying the markers of glass-induced metal corrosion processes.
这些小而有挑战性的样品通常会遇到宏观x射线粉末衍射和μRaman等现有非侵入性方法的限制，但通过O-PTIR成功地对其进行了表征，最终确定了玻璃诱导金属腐蚀过程的标志。
The results clearly demonstrate how O-PTIR can be easily implemented in a noninvasive multianalytical strategy for the study of heritage materials, making it a fundamental tool for cultural heritage analyses.
结果清楚地表明，O-PTIR可以轻松地在遗产材料研究的无创多分析策略中实施，使其成为文化遗产分析的基本工具。
重点词汇
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
spatial resolution空间分辨率；空间分辨；空间解析度
comparability可比较性；相似性
candidate for候选人；人选；候选
cultural heritage文化遗产
cubic立方形的；立方体的；立方的；以立方计量的；以立方表示的；三次的；等轴的；三次方程；三次曲线
centimeters厘米；公分；（centimeter的复数）
degraded贬低；（degrade的过去式和过去分词）；堕落的；被降级的；退化的
brass黄铜；高级军官；厚颜无耻；黄铜饰品；黄铜马饰；黄铜纪念碑；铜版；钱；铜管乐器；高级官员
decorative装饰的
The most crucial information needed to unravel history, conservation state, and potential risks for cultural heritage is the nature and distribution of different elements and molecules in the objects.
解开历史、保护状态和文化遗产潜在风险所需的最重要信息是物品中不同元素和分子的性质和分布。
However, extracting this information is generally extremely complex because of the heterogeneity of the materials, often down to a submicrometric scale.
然而，由于材料的异质性，提取这些信息通常极其复杂，通常低至亚微米级。
重点词汇
crucial决定性的；关键性的；至关重要的；极好的
unravel解开；松开；弄清；解决；阐明；开始瓦解；散开；打开；剥开
conservation保护；保存；保持；修复；节约；防止浪费；守恒定律
potential risks潜在风险；可能风险；隐患
cultural heritage文化遗产
the nature性质；本质；自然
molecules分子；微粒；微小颗粒；（molecule的复数）
extracting提取；摘录；选取；取出；（extract的现在分词）；榨出物；汁；提取物
extremely非常；极端地；极其；很
heterogeneity异质性；不均匀性；多相性
Several analytical techniques have been developed and applied over the years that can answer these questions.
多年来，已经开发和应用了几种分析技术来回答这些问题。
Still, given the relevance and uniqueness of the objects to be preserved, the analytical methods that do not prejudice the integrity of the object nor damage it irreversibly (noninvasive and nondestructive) are generally preferred.
尽管如此，考虑到要保存的物品的相关性和独特性，不损害物品完整性或不可逆损坏(非侵入性和非破坏性)的分析方法通常是优选的。
While different noninvasive options are available for the high-resolution elemental characterization of heritage objects, the existing molecular speciation and imaging techniques still have strong limitations, particularly when it comes to noninvasive and nondestructive characterization of materials with high spatial resolution (Table 1).
虽然有不同的非侵入性方法可用于文物的高分辨率元素表征，但现有的分子物种形成和成像技术仍有很大的局限性，特别是在对具有高空间分辨率的材料进行非侵入性和非破坏性表征时(表1)。
重点词汇
uniqueness独特性；唯一性；单值性；独一无二
preserved可保存的；腌制的；加工过的；防腐的；保护；保持；（preserve的过去式和过去分词）；(Preserved)人名：普里泽夫德
analytical methods分析方法；解析方法；解析法
irreversibly不可逆地
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
nondestructive非破坏性的；无损的
high-resolution高分辨率；高分辨；分辨率高
elemental初级的；基础的；自然力的；化学元素的；粗犷的；基本成分的；由单一元素组成的；非化合的；可与自然力相比拟的；以神秘方式呈现出来的超自然实体；神灵；鬼怪
speciation物种形成
spatial resolution空间分辨率；空间分辨；空间解析度
To overcome the limitations of the traditional methods listed in Table 1, in this work, we test a novel analytical technique and apply it to the noninvasive characterization of small (few cubic centimeters) heritage objects.
为了克服表1中列出的传统方法的局限性，在这项工作中，我们测试了一种新的分析技术，并将其应用于小型(几立方厘米)文物的非侵入性表征。
The technique in question is the recently developed optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy.
该技术是近年来发展起来的光学光热红外光谱技术。
重点词汇
overcome解决；克服；战胜；击败；压倒；使受不了
limitations限制；局限性；边界；极限；限度；局限；（limitation的复数）
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
characterization特性描述；描述；描述方法；塑造
cubic立方形的；立方体的；立方的；以立方计量的；以立方表示的；三次的；等轴的；三次方程；三次曲线
centimeters厘米；公分；（centimeter的复数）
heritage被继承的财产；遗产；特殊的所有物；一份；贵重遗产；继承物；国家遗产的；传统的；纯种的；老品种的
in question讨论(或议论)中的；正被谈论的；讨论中的；考虑中的；辩论中的
infrared红外的；使用红外的；涉及红外的；红外区；红外线；红外辐射
spectroscopy光谱学；波谱学
O-PTIR exploits the photothermal effect induced in infrared (IR)–active samples by the irradiation with a tunable IR laser, which is then measured using a visible laser.
O-PTIR利用可调红外激光照射红外(IR)活性样品产生的光热效应，然后使用可见激光进行测量。
The collected data are similar to transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, allowing for direct comparison with the literature.
收集的数据与透射傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱相似，可以与文献进行直接比较。
One of the main advantages of the technique is not needing any complex sample preparation, unlike traditional FTIR.
与传统的FTIR不同，该技术的主要优势之一是不需要任何复杂的样品制备。
Small objects can, in fact, be analyzed in a completely noninvasive and nondestructive manner.
事实上，小物体可以用完全非侵入性和非破坏性的方式进行分析。
Moreover, the use of a visible laser probe increases the achievable spatial resolution (≈450 nm) by overcoming the diffraction limits intrinsic to traditional FTIR spectroscopy.
此外，通过克服传统FTIR光谱固有的衍射极限，可见激光探针的使用增加了可实现的空间分辨率(约450 nm)。
O-PTIR was recently applied on cultural heritage materials by some of the authors.
一些作者最近将O-PTIR应用于文化遗产材料。
重点词汇
exploits功绩；勋绩；（exploit的复数）；剥削；开采；开拓；开发；（exploit的第三人称单数）
tunable音调美的；可合调的；能调出和声的；可调音的
FTIR功能性终端运动比率（同functional terminal innervarion ratio）
needing需要；缺乏；必要；需求；（need的现在分词）
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
nondestructive非破坏性的；无损的
achievable可有成就的；可完成的；做得成的
spatial resolution空间分辨率；空间分辨；空间解析度
overcoming克服；使受不了；解决问题；胜过；（overcome的现在分词）；克服（困难）；得胜
intrinsic固有的；内在的；体内的；本质的；基本的；精华的
However, while notable results were obtained in terms of submicrometer molecular characterization of heritage materials, the analyses were performed on samples extracted from a historical painting and prepared in thin sections.
然而，虽然在遗产材料的亚微米分子表征方面取得了显著的结果，但这些分析是在从一幅历史绘画中提取的样本上进行的，并制备成薄片。
The potentially noninvasive and direct (no sample preparation) nature of the technique is, therefore, yet to be demonstrated.
因此，该技术潜在的非侵入性和直接性(无需样品制备)有待证实。
重点词汇
notable值得注意的；显著的；名人；要人
characterization特性描述；描述；描述方法；塑造
heritage被继承的财产；遗产；特殊的所有物；一份；贵重遗产；继承物；国家遗产的；传统的；纯种的；老品种的
samples样品；样本；例子；选录乐曲；（sample的复数）；取样；尝试；品尝；选录；（sample的第三人称单数）
extracted提取；摘录；选取；取出；（extract的过去式和过去分词）；萃取的；摘录的；提取的
painting绘画；绘画艺术；画
sections部分；部门；章节；节；（section的复数）；把…分成几部分；切开；（section的第三人称单数）
potentially潜在地；可能地
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
demonstrated显示；（demonstrate的过去式和过去分词）
In this work, the possibility of performing direct O-PTIR analysis of small cultural heritage objects without sampling or preparation, while still obtaining high spatial resolution chemical information, is demonstrated for a series of corroded brass objects and weathered glass beads from the 16th century Enclosed Gardens in the collection of the Museum Hof Van Busleyden (Mechelen, BE).
在这项工作中，对Hof Van Busleyden博物馆(Mechelen，BE)收藏的一系列16世纪封闭式花园中的腐蚀黄铜物件和风化玻璃珠进行了演示，证明了在不取样或制备的情况下对小型文化遗产物件进行直接O-PTIR分析的可能性，同时仍可获得高空间分辨率的化学信息。
These reliquary altarpieces were kept for centuries in the convent of the Augustinian nuns inside the city walls of Mechelen, protected from the outdoor environment in the cells of the sisters but likely exposed to high humidity levels because of the lack of heating.
这些圣骨匣圣坛文物被保存在梅赫伦城墙内的奥古斯丁修女修道院长达几个世纪，在修女们的小房间里与室外环境隔绝，但由于缺乏供暖，很可能暴露在高湿度环境中。
While most materials in the Enclosed Gardens underwent severe transformations over time (e.g., faded and embrittled textiles, weathered glass beads, corroded silver objects), the brass elements in these reliquaries mostly survived in a pristine state.
虽然封闭花园中的大多数材料随着时间的推移发生了严重的变化(例如，褪色和变脆的纺织品、风化的玻璃珠、腐蚀的银器)，但这些遗物箱中的黄铜元素大多以原始状态存在。
The small selection of heavily corroded brass elements considered in the present manuscript therefore represents an exception to the general conservation state of the hundreds of brass objects in the Enclosed Gardens.
因此，本手稿中考虑的少量严重腐蚀的黄铜元素代表了封闭花园中数百件黄铜物品的一般保护状态的一个例外。
The factors that induced the corrosion are still unknown; thus, identifying the reason for the exceptionally poor conservation state of these metal objects and of the glass beads considered is fundamental to correctly preserve the altarpieces and prevent potential future hazards.
引起腐蚀的因素尚不清楚;因此，确定这些金属物品和被考虑的玻璃珠保存状况异常糟糕的原因，是正确保存祭坛装饰物和防止未来潜在危险的基础。
A thorough characterization of the original materials and their corrosion products is therefore crucial.
因此，对原始材料及其腐蚀产物进行彻底表征至关重要。
However, the complex three-dimensional (3D) shape of the objects under examination and the small amounts and high heterogeneity of the degradation products pose a complex analytical challenge, creating the need for a versatile technique such as O-PTIR.
然而，受检物体的复杂三维（3D）形状以及降解产物的少量和高度不均匀性构成了复杂的分析挑战，因此需要O-PTIR等多功能技术。
重点词汇
spatial resolution空间分辨率；空间分辨；空间解析度
corroded侵蚀；（corrode的过去式和过去分词）；已被腐蚀的
brass黄铜；高级军官；厚颜无耻；黄铜饰品；黄铜马饰；黄铜纪念碑；铜版；钱；铜管乐器；高级官员
weathered使风化；经受住；（weather的过去式和过去分词）；经受风雨；风化；风化的；风吹雨打的
glass beads玻璃珠子；玻璃珠；玻璃微珠
reliquary圣盒；圣骨盒
convent修道会；隐修会；修道院；修女院；修道学校；隐修学校；女隐修院
transformations转换；变化；变换；转化；（transformation的复数）
faded已凋谢的；已褪色的
embrittled使变脆；（embrittle的过去式）
In the first place, areas of interest on the surface of the samples were selected on the basis of exploratory macro x-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), micro XRF (μXRF), and micro–computed tomography (μCT) analyses.
首先，根据探索性宏观x射线荧光（MA-XRF）、微观x射线荧光（μXRF）和微观计算机断层扫描（μCT）分析，选择样品表面的感兴趣区域。
Then, a high-resolution characterization of the corrosion products was performed by means of O-PTIR and complementary noninvasive [scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), μRaman, and macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD)] and invasive techniques [synchrotron radiation micro FTIR (SR-μFTIR)].
然后，通过O-PTIR和互补非侵入性技术[具有能量色散x射线光谱(SEM-EDX)、μ拉曼和宏观x射线粉末衍射(MA-XRPD)的扫描电子显微镜]和侵入性技术[同步辐射显微FTIR (SR-μFTIR)]对腐蚀产物进行高分辨率表征。
The versatility and submicrometer resolution of O-PTIR, lastly, allowed fundamental information to be unraveled that would have remained hidden with MA-XRPD and μRaman analyses, ultimately demonstrating that a glass-induced corrosion process is responsible for the poor conservation state of the brass elements considered.
最后，O-PTIR的多功能性和亚微米分辨率使得原本隐藏在MA-XRPD和μRaman分析中的基本信息得以揭示，最终证明玻璃诱发的腐蚀过程是所考虑的黄铜元素保存状态不佳的原因。
These notable results confirm the potential for O-PTIR to become a fundamental tool in the future of cultural heritage analyses.
这些显著的结果证实了O-PTIR在未来文化遗产分析中成为基本工具的潜力。
重点词汇
computed tomography计算机断层；计算机断层扫描；计算机断层成像
high-resolution高分辨率；高分辨；分辨率高
noninvasive非侵害的；非侵袭的
scanning electron microscopy扫描电镜；扫描电子显微镜
dispersive分散的；弥散的
macroscopic肉眼可见的；宏观的；宏观分析的
synchrotron radiation同步加速器辐射
versatility多才多艺；多用途；多功能性
unraveled解开；阐明；解决；拆散；（unravel的过去式和过去分词）
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